Deployment of Interpretive Structural Modeling in Barriers to Industry 4.0: A Case of Small and Medium Enterprises

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are vital contributors significant drivers of any manufacturing sector. The Industry 4.0 (I 4.0) revolution has made the global economy highly competitive automated, requiring Indian SMEs to adapt more quickly. Therefore, this study aimed identify barriers implementing I 4.0, simplifying complex interrelationship among such with help a suitable model, categorizing them as independent dependent ones, and, ultimately, leveling same drivers, autonomous linkages, forces. present investigation thoroughly examined existing literature summarized list into fifteen smooth establishment in India. identified were analyzed Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) Diagraph Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied Classification (MICMAC) analysis. This was able explore these barriers. found lack support from stakeholders, insufficient managerial emerged major factor neglected by SMEs. However, uncertainty predicted demand for products, an alternate solution technological breakdown, doubt about sustainability (relating its potential lead unemployment society, etc.) contingent These can impact other strategic choices related successful implementation 4.0. study’s observations decision-makers make decisions manage affecting research revealed scope that be extended South Asian developing nations. results work further studied structural equation modeling (SEM) multiple regression analysis (MRA).